Temperatures measured directly on the ground may exceed air temperatures by 30 to 50 ☌ (54 to 90 ☏). The following lists include all officially confirmed claims measured by those methods. The standard measuring conditions for temperature are in the air, 1.25 metres (4 ft) to 2.00 metres (7 ft) above the ground, and shielded from direct sunlight intensity (hence the term x degrees "in the shade"). This list does not include remotely sensed observations such as satellite measurements, since those values are not considered official records. Each of these records is understood to be the record value officially observed, as these records may have been exceeded before modern weather instrumentation was invented, or in remote areas without an official weather station. Many weather records are measured under specific conditions-such as surface temperature and wind speed-to keep consistency among measurements around the Earth. This is a list of weather records, a list of the most extreme occurrences of weather phenomena for various categories. In recent decades, new high temperature records have substantially outpaced new low temperature records on a growing portion of Earth's surface.
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